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Electrification is changing the map of industrial supply.

Where minerals are mined, where they are refined, and where reserves are held can tell very different stories.

This Renewable Vision guide maps six mineral groups and examines the supply chains behind grids, batteries and clean-energy technologies. It combines the IEA baseline with IRENA, USGS, Ember, DNV, OECD and recent Saudi primary releases.

Inside the carousel:

- Mining and refining concentration across copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and magnet rare earths.

- Lithium reserves and a transparent comparison of IEA and USGS production estimates.

- Battery chemistry and recycling options that can change material demand.

- Saudi exploration and processing developments, including the September Jabal Sayid announcement.

The dates and definitions matter. A resource estimate is not operating supply. A forecast is not an observed result. Where sources differ, the comparison stays visible.